Assessment of Hematological Indices and Renal Function Parameters in Some Libyan with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem and is commonly associated with anemia. The prevalence of anemia increases as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreases. This results from a complex interaction involving kidney impairment, erythropoietin deficiency, and an inflammatory state. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to reflect systemic inflammation in many diseases. The study aimed to assess hematological indices and kidney function parameters in CKD patients and to determine whether NLR can be used as a prognostic marker for disease progression. This study included 100 participants, including patients and healthy individuals aged 20-75 years, 30 of them are healthy controls, and 70 are CKD patients at stages 2-5. Blood samples from all participants were drawn to evaluate hematologic and kidney function parameters. An independent t-test was used for two-group comparisons, ANOVA for multiple comparisons, and Pearson's correlation coefficient for variable relationships. Progressive kidney dysfunction was observed, with decreasing eGFR and significantly elevated urea and creatinine as the CKD stage advanced. Additionally, anemia markers (HG, RBC, HCT) and lymphocytes were significantly decreased across CKD stages. However, WBC, neutrophils, and NLR were significantly increased in advanced stages compared with earlier stages and healthy controls. Furthermore, moderate negative correlations were found between HG, RBC, and HCT with both serum urea and creatinine, and positive associations with eGFR. This study also demonstrated a highly positive relationship between NLR and both urea and creatinine, and a significant inverse correlation with eGFR. Our findings show that HG and RBC are markedly decreased as disease severity progresses. At the same time, NLR is significantly higher in advanced stages, suggesting that NLR could be used as a marker for predicting the inflammatory state of CKD patients and checking disease progression.